Iqhaza lezinto ezengezayo ezahlukahlukene ku-aluminium alloy

I-silicon (Si)
I-silicon (Si) iyisithako esiyinhloko sokuthuthukisa uketshezi. I-fluidity engcono kakhulu ingafinyelelwa kusuka ku-eutectic kuya ku-hypereutectic. Kodwa-ke, i-silicon (Si) ecwebezelayo ijwayele ukwakha amaphuzu aqinile, okwenza ukusebenza kokusika kube kubi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile akuvunyelwe ukweqa iphuzu le-eutectic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-silicon (Si) ingathuthukisa amandla okuqina, ukuqina, ukusika ukusebenza, namandla emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngenkathi yehlisa ubude.
I-Magnesium (Mg) I-Aluminium-magnesium alloy inokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-ADC5 ne-ADC6 ama-alloy amelana nokugqwala. Ububanzi bayo bokuqina bukhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke bunokuqina okushisayo, futhi ama-castings athambekele ekuqhekekeni, okwenza ukulingisa kube nzima. I-Magnesium (Mg) njengokungcola ezintweni ze-AL-Cu-Si, i-Mg2Si izokwenza ukusakaza kube brittle, ngakho izinga ngokuvamile lingaphakathi kuka-0.3%.

I-Iron (Fe) Nakuba i-iron (Fe) ingakhuphula kakhulu izinga lokushisa le-zinc (Zn) futhi ibambezele inqubo yokuvuselela kabusha, ekuncibilikeni kwe-die-casting, insimbi (Fe) iphuma ezitsheni zensimbi, amashubhu e-gooseneck, namathuluzi ancibilikayo, kanye iyancibilika ku-zinc (Zn). I-ayoni (Fe) ethwelwe i-aluminium (Al) incane kakhulu, futhi uma insimbi (Fe) yeqa umkhawulo wokunyibilika, izocwebezela njenge-FeAl3. Amaphutha adalwa yi-Fe ngokuvamile akhiqiza i-slag futhi antante njengama-FeAl3 compounds. Ukulingisa kuba brittle, futhi machinability wonakala. I-fluidity yensimbi ithinta ukushelela kwendawo yokuphonsa.
Ukungcola kwensimbi (Fe) kuzokhiqiza amakristalu afana nenaliti ye-FeAl3. Njengoba i-die-casting ipholiswa ngokushesha, amakristalu anemvula mahle kakhulu futhi awakwazi ukubhekwa njengezingxenye eziyingozi. Uma okuqukethwe kungaphansi kuka-0.7%, akulula ukudiliza, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwe-iron kwe-0.8-1.0% kungcono ku-die-casting. Uma kunenani elikhulu lensimbi (Fe), izinhlanganisela zensimbi zizokwakhiwa, zenze amaphuzu aqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-iron (Fe) kudlula u-1.2%, kuzonciphisa uketshezi lwe-alloy, kulimaze ikhwalithi yokubunjwa, futhi kufinyeze ukuphila kwezingxenye zensimbi emishinini yokusakaza i-die-cast.

I-Nickel (Ni) Njengethusi (Cu), kukhona ukuthambekela kokwandisa amandla aqinile nobulukhuni, futhi kunomthelela omkhulu ekumelaneni nokugqwala. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-nickel (Ni) yengezwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okushisa aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokushisa, kodwa inomthelela omubi ekuphikiseni ukugqwala kanye nokuhamba kokushisa.

I-Manganese (Mn) Ingathuthukisa amandla okushisa aphezulu ama-alloys aqukethe ithusi (Cu) ne-silicon (Si). Uma idlula umkhawulo othile, kulula ukukhiqiza i-Al-Si-Fe-P+o {T*T f; X Mn quaternary compounds, engenza kalula amaphuzu aqinile futhi inciphise ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal. IManganese (Mn) ingavimbela inqubo yokwenziwa kabusha kwekristalu yama-alloys e-aluminium, ikhuphule izinga lokushisa lekristalu, futhi icwengisise ngokuphawulekayo okusanhlamvu kokwenziwa kabusha. Ukucwengwa kwezinhlamvu zokwenziwa kabusha kwekristalu kudalwe ikakhulukazi umthelela ovimbela izinhlayiya ezihlanganisiwe ze-MnAl6 ekukhuleni kwezinhlamvu ezikhiqiza kabusha. Omunye umsebenzi we-MnAl6 ukuncibilikisa i-iron engcolile (Fe) ukuze yakhe (Fe, Mn)Al6 nokunciphisa imiphumela eyingozi yensimbi. IManganese (Mn) iyisici esibalulekile sengxubevange ye-aluminium futhi ingangezwa njengengxube ye-alloy kanambambili ye-Al-Mn ezimele noma kanye nezinye izakhi zengxubevange. Ngakho-ke, ama-alloys amaningi e-aluminium aqukethe i-manganese (Mn).

I-Zinc (Zn)
Uma i-zinc engcolile (Zn) ikhona, izobonisa ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ihlanganiswa ne-mercury (Hg) ukuze kwakhiwe ama-alloys aqinile e-HgZn2, ikhiqiza umphumela obalulekile wokuqinisa. I-JIS ibeka ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-zinc engcolile (Zn) kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-1.0%, kuyilapho amazinga angaphandle angavumela kufike ku-3%. Le ngxoxo ayibhekiseli ku-zinc (Zn) njengengxenye yengxubevange kodwa kunalokho indima yayo njengokungcola okuvame ukudala imifantu ekubunjweni.

I-Chromium (Cr)
I-Chromium (Cr) yakha izinhlanganisela ze-intermetallic ezifana ne-(CrFe)Al7 kanye (i-CrMn) i-Al12 ku-aluminium, ivimbela i-nucleation nokukhula kokwenza kabusha ikristalu futhi inikeze imiphumela ethile yokuqinisa ingxubevange. Ingase futhi ithuthukise ukuqina kwengxubevange futhi yehlise ukuzwela kokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi. Nokho, kungandisa ukuzwela kokucisha.

I-Titanium (Ti)
Ngisho nenani elincane le-titanium (i-Ti) ku-alloy lingathuthukisa izici zayo zemishini, kodwa futhi linganciphisa ukuhamba kwayo kukagesi. Okuqukethwe okubalulekile kwe-titanium (Ti) kuma-alloys ochungechunge lwe-Al-Ti ukuze kuqiniswe imvula cishe ku-0.15%, futhi ubukhona bayo bungancishiswa ngokungezwa kwe-boron.

I-Lead (Pb), i-Tin (Sn), ne-Cadmium (Cd)
I-calcium (Ca), i-lead (Pb), ithini (Sn), nokunye ukungcola kungase kube khona kuma-alloys e-aluminium. Njengoba lezi zakhi zinezindawo zokuncibilika nezakhiwo ezihlukene, zakha inhlanganisela ehlukene nge-aluminium (Al), okuholela emiphumeleni ehlukahlukene ezakhiweni zama-alloys e-aluminium. I-calcium (Ca) inokunyibilika okuqinile okuphansi kakhulu ku-aluminium futhi yenza izinhlanganisela ze-CaAl4 ne-aluminium (Al), engathuthukisa ukusebenza kokusika kwama-alloys e-aluminium. Umthofu (Pb) kanye ne-tin (Sn) izinsimbi ezincibilika kancane ezinokuncibilika okuqinile okuphansi ku-aluminium (Al), ezingehlisa amandla engxubevange kodwa zithuthukise ukusebenza kwayo kokusika.

Ukwandisa okuqukethwe komthofu (Pb) kunganciphisa ubulukhuni be-zinc (Zn) futhi kwandise ukunyibilika kwayo. Nokho, uma noma yimuphi umthofu (Pb), ithini (Sn), noma i-cadmium (Cd) idlula inani elishiwo ku-aluminium: ingxubevange ye-zinc, ukugqwala kungase kwenzeke. Lokhu kugqwala akuvamile, kwenzeka ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, futhi kugqama kakhulu ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, umkhathi womswakama ophezulu.