Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-crucible zinezinzuzo ezihlukene

Ama-crucibles ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zemishini yamakhemikhali futhi asebenza njengeziqukathi zokuncibilikisa kanye nokucwengisisa uketshezi lwensimbi, kanye nokushisisa nokusabela izingxube zoketshezi oluqinile. Bakha isisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okubushelelezi.

Ama-crucibles angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:ama-graphite crucibles, izinsimbi zobumba, kanye nezinsimbi zensimbi.

I-Graphite Crucibles:

I-graphite crucibles yenziwe ngokuyinhloko nge-graphite ye-crystalline yemvelo, egcina izici ezihlukahlukene zomzimba namakhemikhali ze-graphite yemvelo. Zine-conductivity enhle ye-thermal kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, abonisa ama-coefficients aphansi okunweba okushisayo, okuwenza amelane nokushisisa nokupholisa okusheshayo. I-graphite crucibles inokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile kuzixazululo ze-acidic ne-alkaline futhi ibonisa ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kwamakhemikhali.

Ngenxa yalezi zici eziphakeme, ama-graphite crucibles asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezifana ne-metallurgy, casting, imishini, nobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali. Bathola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ekuncibilikisweni kwezinsimbi zamathuluzi engxubevange kanye nokuncibilika kwezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi nama-alloys azo, okuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo eziphawulekayo zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho.

I-Silicon Carbide Crucibles:

I-silicon carbide crucibles iziqukathi ze-ceramic ezimise okwesitsha. Uma okuqinile kudinga ukushiswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, izinsimbi ziyadingeka ngoba zingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezingilazi. Ama-crucible ngokuvamile awagcwaliswa kumthamo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa ukuze kuvinjwe izinto ezishisiwe ukuthi zingachitheki, okuvumela umoya ukuthi ungene ngokukhululekile futhi wenze kube lula ukusabela okungenzeka kwe-oxidation. Ngenxa yesisekelo sazo esincane, ama-crucibles ngokuvamile abekwe kunxantathu wobumba ukuze ashise ngokuqondile. Angamiswa aqondile noma nge-engeli ku-iron tripod, kuye ngezidingo zokuhlola. Ngemuva kokushisa, izinsimbi akufanele zibekwe ngokushesha endaweni ebandayo yensimbi ukuze kugwenywe ukupholisa okusheshayo nokuphuka okungenzeka. Ngokufanayo, akufanele zibekwe ngokuqondile endaweni yokhuni ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushisa noma izingozi zomlilo. Indlela efanele iwukuvumela iziphambana ukuba ziphole ngokwemvelo ku-tripod yensimbi noma zibeke enethi ye-asbestos ukuze ziphole kancane kancane. Izindlawu ezihlabayo kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukuphatha.

I-Platinum Crucibles:

Izinsimbi zeplatinamu, ezenziwe nge-platinum yensimbi, zisebenza njengezingxenye ezisele zokuhlaziya okushisayo okuhlukile futhi zisetshenziselwa ukushisisa izinto ezingezona ezensimbi, njengokukhiqizwa kwefiber yengilazi nokudweba ingilazi.

Akufanele baxhumane ne:

Izinhlanganisela eziqinile ezifana ne-K2O, Na2O, KNO3, NaNO3, KCN, NaCN, Na2O2, Ba(OH)2, LiOH, njll.

I-Aqua regia, izixazululo ze-halogen, noma izixazululo ezikwazi ukukhiqiza ama-halogen.

Izinhlanganisela zezinsimbi ezincishiswa kalula kanye nezinsimbi ngokwazo.

Ama-silicates aqukethe i-carbon, i-phosphorus, i-arsenic, isulfure, nezinhlanganisela zawo.

I-Nickel Crucibles:

Indawo encibilikayo ye-nickel ingu-1455 degrees Celsius, futhi izinga lokushisa lesampula ku-nickel crucible akufanele lidlule ku-700 degrees Celsius ukuvimbela i-oxidation emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

I-Nickel crucibles imelana kakhulu nezinto ze-alkaline kanye nokugqwala, okuyenza ifanelekele ukuncibilika ama-alloys ensimbi, i-slag, ubumba, izinto eziphikisayo, nokunye. I-Nickel crucibles iyahambisana nokugeleza kwe-alkaline okufana ne-NaOH, Na2O2, NaCO3, naleyo equkethe i-KNO3, kodwa akufanele isetshenziswe ne-KHSO4, NaHSO4, K2S2O7, noma i-Na2S2O7 kanye ne-sulfide fluxes enesulfure. Ukuncibilika kukasawoti we-aluminium, i-zinc, umthofu, ithini, ne-mercury kungenza ama-nickel crucibles abe brittle. I-nickel crucibles akufanele isetshenziselwe ukushisa ama-precipitates, futhi i-borax akufanele incibilike kuzo.

I-nickel crucibles ngokuvamile iqukethe amanani amancane e-chromium, ngakho-ke kufanele kuqashelwe uma, iseshini iphazamiseka.